dietary intake of vitamin d and metabolic syndrome after 3-year follow-up: tehran lipid and glucose study

ba c k g r o und : the aim of this study was to examine the association between dietary intakes of vitamin d and the metabolic syndrome (mets) in tehranian adults, iran. m ethods : in this population-based prospective study, a sample of 2357 subjects, aged 20-74 years, who had completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, were  studied.  mets  was  defined  according to  the  modified  guidelines of  the national cholesterol education program adults treatment panel iii. results : median intakes of vitamin d were 1.5 and 1.6 µ g/day in men and women respectively. after adjustment for confounding factors, dietary vitamin d intake was inversely associated with fasting blood glucose (β = -0.085, p = 0.004) and waist circumference (β = -0.065, p = 0.035); these associations were attenuated following  further  adjustment  for  demographics,  body  mass  index  (bmi)  and dietary factors ((β = -0.066, p = 0.030) and (β = -0.065, p = 0.044), respectively. an association was observed between incidence of mets and vitamin d intake (p trend = 0.040), independent of age, gender, smoking, physical activity; this association remained following further adjustment for bmi (p for trend = 0.044) and dietary factors (p for trend = 0.051). conclusion : our findings suggest a significant inverse association between dietary vitamin d intake, mets, and some of its components after controlling for confounding factors.